|
|
Humour & Pathos in the Works of Shakespeare |
Stylistic Diglossia in Shakespeare’s
Works |
In this
article we shall be mainly concerned with French, a language which
has often interfered with Shakespeare's English. In quite a few
cases the balance of the basic English text is disturbed by the more
or less obvious intrusion of different Romance elements. This may be
described as the
bilingual situation in the source
language, the stylistic ‘diglossia’.
We
shall now begin with humour because, as is well-known, Shakespeare
not infrequently makes fun of medieval and Renaissance French in his
characters' speech-portrayals, as for instance, in the much-quoted
passage from
As You Like It
:
 |
TOUCHSTONE. ... Therefore, you clown, abandon — which is in the
vulgar
leave
- the society — which in the boorish is
company
— of
this female — which in the common is
woman
— which together is:
abandon the society of this female; or, clown, thou perishest; or,
to thy better understanding, diest ... (V. 1. 44-50) |
In
Shakespeare's time the mutual relationship between Anglo-Saxon and
French was still far from easy. Obviously, as seen from the above
passage, the words "society", "female", "perish",
which had come from Latin by way of French, and the French word "abandon"
were apprehended as something that disturbed the balance of the
initial semiological system. Being Late Middle English — Early
Modern English borrowings the
words still retained their ‘foreignness’, in contrast with Romance
words borrowed in the Norman period. The latter were fully
assimilated by the end of the XIV century, so that by Shakespeare's
time people did not apprehend words like "company" as foreign, while
the newly borrowed word "society" would be regarded by them as an
‘alien’ intruder.
That
was how Shakespeare created this particular kind of humorous effect
— by contrasting the non-assimilated latinical words with their
Anglo-Saxon counterparts or with completely assimilated Romance
words: none of those effects were likely to be lost on the audience.
 |
Copyrighted material |
 |
|
|
|
|